![]() According to Simek, "several of the Eddic sources might lead us to conclude that the disir were valkyrie-like guardians of the dead, and, indeed, in Guðrúnarkviða I 19 the valkyries are even called Herjans disir 'Odin's disir'. It also may have been used to denote a type of goddess. Īccording to Rudolf Simek, Old Norse dís appears commonly as simply a term for 'woman', just as Old High German itis, Old Saxon idis, and Anglo-Saxon ides. Davidson notes a similar northward progression of mythology where elements of Proto-Germanic concepts have metamorphosed or been combined by the time of the initial recording of the Icelandic sagas. ![]() However, the Germanic languages appear to have had a northward, rather than southward, progression from the initial contact with the speakers of Indo-European languages near Denmark or Jutland. Stories from these and other cultures survive from earlier dates than the Eddas and it is difficult to conclusively construct a clear pre-Christian mythology without conjecture. Other scholars group all female deities and spirits associated with battle under the class of idis, dis, valkyrie, and other names, such as sigewif (victory-women, associated by the Anglo-Saxons with a swarm of bees), and find the commonalities both linguistically and in surviving myths and magic charms sufficient cause to group together all variations on this theme from various Germanic cultures. However, except for the First Merseburg Charm, in which they work battle-magic, idis only occurs with the meaning "lady", sometimes "maiden." The words are not presumed to be directly related by some scholars, although the resemblance evidently led to influence on Old Norse poetic use. He also suggests that Iðunn may be a reflex of the original form of the word. 52) is exactly parallel to ides Scildinga "Scylding queen" in Beowulf (l. Jacob Grimm points out that dís Skjöldunga in the Eddic Helgakviða Hundingsbana II (v. Scholars have associated the Dísir with the West Germanic Idisi, seeing the initial i- as having been lost early in Old or Proto-Norse. It usually is said to be derived from the Indo-European root * dhēi-, "to suck, suckle" and a form dhīśana. Researchers suggest that the basic meaning of the word dís is "goddess". Look up Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/dīsiz in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. The dísir play roles in Norse texts that resemble those of fylgjur, valkyries, and norns, so that some have suggested that dísir is a broad term including the other beings. The North Germanic dísir and West Germanic Idisi are believed by some scholars to be related due to linguistic and mythological similarities, but the direct evidence of Anglo-Saxon and Continental German mythology is limited. The dísir, like the valkyries, norns, and vættir, are always referred collectively in surviving references. It is possible that their original function was that of fertility goddesses who were the object of both private and official worship called dísablót, and their veneration may derive from the worship of the spirits of the dead. Dísir may act as protective spirits of Norse clans. In Norse mythology, a dís ( Old Norse:, "lady", plural dísir ) is a female deity, ghost, or spirit associated with Fate who can be either benevolent or antagonistic toward mortals. ![]() "Idise" (1905) by Emil Doepler The dísablót by August Malmström The annual Disting Fair still carries the name of the dísir. This is an illustration of a woman welcoming Odin back to Valhalla on the Tjängvide image stone, Gotland. "The Dises" (1909) by Dorothy Hardy The dying Viking hero Ragnar Lodbrok exclaimed in Krákumál: "the dísir invite me home (to Valhalla)". ![]() For other uses, see Dis (disambiguation). For Roman god of the underworld, see Dīs Pater.
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